Which type of shoulder pain is often triggered by musculoskeletal changes post-stroke?

Musculoskeletal pain is frequently observed in individuals after a stroke due to various changes that occur in the body. Following a stroke, individuals may experience altered biomechanics, muscle weakness, spasticity, or changes in posture and movement patterns. These factors contribute to tendonitis, bursitis, or impingement of the shoulder joint, leading to pain and discomfort.

This type of pain arises from structures such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints, which can become stressed or injured due to the compensatory movements often adopted by stroke survivors. As they adjust to their physical limitations, their movement patterns may inadvertently increase strain in specific areas, resulting in musculoskeletal issues.

In contrast, neuropathic pain originates from nervous system dysfunction, psychogenic pain is associated with emotional or psychological factors, and referred pain occurs when pain is perceived in one area of the body while originating in another. Each of these types of pain has distinct causes and characteristics, highlighting the specific nature of musculoskeletal pain in the context of post-stroke rehabilitation.