Which of the following conditions is most frequently associated with hemiplegic shoulder pain?

The condition most frequently associated with hemiplegic shoulder pain is glenohumeral subluxation. In individuals who have suffered a stroke and exhibit hemiplegia, the muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint on the affected side may become weak or flaccid. This weakness can lead to instability in the glenohumeral joint, allowing the head of the humerus to move out of its normal position or subluxate, which can result in pain and discomfort.

This subluxation is a common complication in post-stroke patients, affecting their ability to perform daily activities and contributing to long-term disability. The presence of this instability causes stretching and irritation of the surrounding soft tissues, contributing to pain levels experienced in hemiplegic individuals.

While other conditions such as arthritis, rotator cuff tears, and tendinitis can occur in the shoulder, especially in a person with a history of immobility or altered biomechanics, they are not as directly linked to the post-stroke phenomenon of weakened shoulder stabilization that leads to subluxation. Thus, glenohumeral subluxation stands out as the most frequent source of pain in individuals experiencing hemiplegia.