What is the primary cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?

Hypertension is recognized as the primary cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Chronic high blood pressure can lead to the weakening of small blood vessels in the brain, making them more susceptible to rupture. This rupturing results in bleeding directly into the brain tissue, which can cause significant damage to neural structures and lead to various neurological deficits.

Understanding the connection between hypertension and ICH is critical, as managing blood pressure through lifestyle modifications and medication can significantly reduce the risk of hemorrhagic strokes. While trauma and conditions like arteriosclerosis and embolism can contribute to strokes, they are not the leading cause of ICH. Trauma refers to external damage that may cause bleeding, while arteriosclerosis involves the hardening of the arteries, which primarily contributes to ischemic strokes rather than hemorrhagic events. Embolism involves a blockage in blood vessels typically leading to ischemia rather than hemorrhage. Hence, hypertension remains the most significant and preventable risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage.