Lesioning the supplementary motor cortex may result in which condition?

Lesioning the supplementary motor cortex is primarily associated with apraxia. The supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a crucial role in planning and coordinating movements, particularly in the context of complex motor tasks that require a sequence of movements. When there is damage to this area, individuals may struggle to execute purposeful movements even though their physical ability to perform the movements is intact.

This condition, known as apraxia, is characterized by difficulty in performing movements on command or imitating gestures, which indicates a disconnect between the intention to move and the execution of that movement. Since the SMA is involved in the planning and initiation of movements, lesions here can disrupt the cognitive processes needed for coordinated, skilled actions, leading to apraxia.

In contrast, the other conditions listed relate to different brain areas and functions. Receptive aphasia is associated with damage typically found in Wernicke's area, expressive aphasia is linked to Broca's area, and unilateral neglect often arises from lesions in the right parietal lobe. Thus, apraxia is specifically correlated with lesions in the supplementary motor cortex due to its role in movement planning and coordination, making it the correct choice in this context.